MechanicalStartingPoint

MECHANICAL DESIGN STARTING POINT & CHOICES 2011 //These are the mechanical choices chosen for an elementary school design in BIM Studio 2011. I had a very difficult time getting started with the mechanical design (as the mechanical representative in the BIM team is only a second semester mechanical expert). This wiki is to serve as a starting point / reference as to the amount of detail included in both design development & final design stages. There are notes & recommendations of professors & engineering consultants all compiled & organized here.//   //Also, view this page for more information:// The Mechanical Engineer in Early Stages of Design

 JOB OF THE MECHANICAL ENGINEER
 * heat
 * cool
 * venitlate

 Local Heat Pump: [|__http://www.changeair.com/index.php/standard_water_source_heat_pump__] [|__http://www.changeair.com/downloads/Senior%20Series_Ver1-9.pdf__]

 Outdoor Air Ventilation: [|__http://www.aaon.com/Documents/Featured/Ventilation_Feature_071015.pdf__]

 Energy Recovery Ventilator: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[|__http://www.greenheck.com/products/detail/49__] [|__http://www.greenheck.com/media/pdf/catalogs/ERVeOctober2008_1.pdf__] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> pg 8 rooftop AHU = most economical
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">avoids huge duct runs & costs mech room to basement

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> MECH ROOM EQUIPMENT geothermal water pump domestic water heater water softener

GROUND SOURCE
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">analyze soils for bore holes

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> GEOTHERMAL
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">bore holes
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">sizes
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">analyze soil
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">pipe locations conceptually

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> 100% DEDICATED OUTDOOR AIR SYSTEM
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">less fan energy

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> VENTILATION CONCERNS
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">kitchen
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">art room closet: pressurize (exhaust more)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">nurses room

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> CLASSROOM
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">20 cfm/person fresh air
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">THERMAL CHIMNEY
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">sized based upon the heat absorption, not diameter (MEEB, pg. 237)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ACOUSTICS
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">entire closet must be enclosed, including where duct pops out

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> ATRIUM
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">supply low
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">return air high ducts pull from ceiling & take down to heat pumps
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">*morning staging area as unique load*
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">FIRE
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">must be considered one space
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">no louvers
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">once activated, doors are controlled to open via handicapped
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">fans up at windows for exhaust (open door before fan)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">DELUGE sprinklers along wall: wash wall
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">OR louvers above door

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> ENVELOPE
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dew point graph with R values

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> VERTICAL MECHANICAL SHAFTS DETAIL

ENERGY
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">LEED: optimize energy performance, renewable energy [for pat]
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">DOE Website = average energy use / project type
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Wizard
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">oriented
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">% glass
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">envelope, roof, + walls match
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">= 4 rooms/floor
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">results within 20%

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> PRESENTATION #3: DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Touchstones Focus 3. Energy Efficiency 7. LEED Gold or Platinum 9. Thermal Comfort 10. Indoor Air Quality & operable windows

how can i improve & contribute to team
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">CM - use duct covers during construction to ensure indoor air quality when fired up (also for LEED)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">CM - when choosing glass material, keep infiltration into the building in mind (an initial investment now will have a payback of a few years through maintenance/energy costs)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">CM - President Obama vowed to have additional incentive to create energy efficiency (government will provide initial investment)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">arch - building activities
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">arch - recommended sliding 45% vs awning 75%

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> DESIGN CONDITIONS Room category (by function & activity) Schedules

Weather: worst winter, worst summer, avg

energy consumption estimation

COMFORT system options (criteria based upon big pic) tasks = heat, cool, ventilate Central or Local?
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">local
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ability to respond quickly to individual rooms
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">by function
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">classrooms: window cabinet high ac unit by aaf,
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">- noise & by-products
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">central (one or several large mech spaces, dist trees, control systems)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">- noise, heat
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">+maintenance easy without interupting normal activity
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">-breakdown paralyzes entire building
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Bathroom - two 1x2 ventilation
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Faculty lounge - three 2x2 square vents
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Office - 2x2, slot vents along window
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">library
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">vestibule

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Central heating or cooling equipment design change temp = inside - outside state college winter design dry bulb = 7degF

ordinary equipment = 500ft2/ton high-efficiency chillers = 1000ft2/ton

HEALTH indoor air quality
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">duct covers during construction (LEED)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">locate air intakes above pollution
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">zoning: copier
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">passive low-energy approach to ventilation = windows (give building occupants control over outdoor air)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">pollutant sources: odors, irritants, toxic, biological, radon
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dirty vs. clearn areas? change pressure

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">VAV <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">fan capacity control reduces the energy consumed by fans which can be a substantial part of the total cooling energy requirements of a building + humidification greater

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> chilled beam <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">**chilled beam** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> uses water to remove heat from a room, based on induction terminal units that were applied in past years located in room primarily commercial arena + move the chilled water closer to the occupied space + attempt to minimize the energy required by fans <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> - <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">level of humidity control required vs. variable air volume - high chilled beam systems costs - technology risks for condensation & associated water damage <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> TYPES chilled passive active multiservice: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">can contain lighting fixtures, sprinkler systems, smoke detectors, security sensors, motion detectors, intercoms, power distribution centers, fiber optic distribution centers

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">LEED manufacturer
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ducts: killengers custom sheet metal
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">chilled water pump: armstrong

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">duct covers during construction

SUSTAINABILITY involves meeting the needs of today’s generation without detracting from the ability of future generations to meet their needs

energy
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">heat by-product from one = intake of another

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> comfort, zoning, & equipment

life cycle analysis: systems installed, maintenance, operating costs

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> prelim evaluation of energy use (suggestions to team about eval)

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">MECHANICAL RULES OF THUMB
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">**Air Movement** || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">6 ACH ||  ||
 * || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1 CFM/ft² ||  ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">**Ventilation Rate** || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">5 CFM/person ||  ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">**Fan Energy** || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1000-1500 CFM/hp ||  ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">**Electric Motors** || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.8-.85 kW/hp ||  ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">**Lighting** || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">2-4 watts/ft² ||  ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">**Chiller Size** || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">300-400 ft²/ton ||  ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">**Ton** || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">12,000 BTU/ton ||  ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">**Chilled Water** || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">2.4 GPM/ton (10° rise) ||  ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">**Condenser Water** || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">3 GPM/ton (10° rise) ||  ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">**Chiller Input** || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.7-.8 kW/ton ||  ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">**Chillers & Pumps & Towers** || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.9-1.0 kW/ton ||  ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">**Absorbers** || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">18 lbs steam/ton ||  ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">**Boiler Horsepower** || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">33,479 BTU/hr = 9.8 kW ||  ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">**Rebuilt Systems Design** || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">55°F supply air ||  ||
 * || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">30°-40° rise reheat coils ||  ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">**Dual Duct & Multizone Design** || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">55° cold deck ||  ||
 * || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">70-105° hot deck - with ODA Reset Schedule ||  ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">**VAV** || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">55°F cooling ||  ||
 * || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">10% box leakage flow ||  ||
 * || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">40-50% minimum fan volume ||  ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">**People Load** || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">450 BTU/person/hr ||  ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">**People Density** || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Office || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">140 ft²/person ||
 * || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Theater || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">14 ft²/person ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">**Heat Transmission** || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">See ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals ||  ||
 * || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Glass || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1 BTU/ft²/°F ||
 * || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Good Wall || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">0.1 BTU/ft²/°F ||
 * || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Masonry Wall || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">0.15-0.3 BTU/ft²/°F ||
 * || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Thin Poor Wall || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">0.25-0.5 BTU/ft²/°F ||
 * || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Overall Building || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">0.15-0.5 BTU/ft²/°F ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">**Infiltration** || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">0.5-1.5 ACH without Building Pressurization ||  ||

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">**Chiller Efficiencies**
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">**Air-cooled (including condenser power > 150 tons)** || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">EER || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">COP || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">kW/ton ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ASHRAE Standard 90.1 1999 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">9.6 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">2.8 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1.26 ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Good || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">9.9 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">2.9 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1.21 ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Best || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">10.6 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">3.1 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1.13 ||


 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">**Water-cooled (>300 ton centrifugal compressor)** || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">EER || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">COP || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">kW/ton ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ASHRAE Standard 90.1 1999 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">16.7 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">4.9 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">0.72 ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Good || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">18.5 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">5.4 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">0.65 ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Best || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">26.7 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">7.8 || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">0.45 ||